Practical design approach for trapezoidal modulation of a radio-frequency quadrupole
Trapezoidal modulation of quadrupole electrodes offers additional benefits to the concept of a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ).Because of the significant increase of the effective shunt impedance, RFQs with trapezoidal modulation have a reduced interelectrode voltage or resonator length as compared to conventional RFQs with sinusoidal modulation.T